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english_britain_ireland · United Kingdom

Northern England (Lancashire)

english_britain_irelandintermediate

United Kingdom · Lancashire / the North West

The two splits that define southern English never reached the north, and their absence is what defines this accent. FOOT and STRUT are the same vowel, so 'put' and 'putt' are homophones and 'blood' has the vowel of 'good'. TRAP and BATH are the same vowel, so 'bath', 'grass' and 'laugh' have the short vowel of 'cat'. FACE and GOAT are long monophthongs rather than diphthongs, so 'face' is [feːs] and 'goat' is [ɡoːt]. Non-rhotic. happY is lax [ɪ] here, which is the traditional northern value and the opposite of the southern and southern-hemisphere direction of change.

No FOOT-STRUT split (put = putt)No TRAP-BATH split (bath has the cat vowel)FACE and GOAT are pure long vowelsNon-rhoticLax happY

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Active features

Every phonetic parameter that deviates from this schema’s diffing anchor, with a plain-English gloss.

FeatureValueMeaningDrill
LanguagelanguageenDrill
Mixed Languagesmixed_languagesDrill
S Treatments_treatmentstandardDrill
D Intervocalicd_intervocalicstandardDrill
D Finald_finalstandardDrill
R Infinitiver_infinitivestandardDrill
R Initialr_initialapproximantDrill
N Final Velarizationn_final_velarizationNoDrill
Final Consonant Dropfinal_consonant_dropnoneDrill
Vowel Reductionvowel_reductioncrisp_openDrill
Syllable Timingsyllable_timingstress_timedDrill
T Glottalizationt_glottalizationword_finalDrill
Ng Realizationng_realizationvelar_nasal_plus_gDrill